(born ad 37/38, Jerusalem—died ad 100, Rome) A first-century Jewish historian and former military leader who defected to the Romans during the Jewish War. His works offer firsthand accounts of Jewish life, culture, and resistance under Roman rule, especially during the time Revelation was likely written.
A Roman senator and historian known for his sharp, often critical writings on Roman emperors and events. He is one of the few Roman historians who referenced early Christians and the political use of fear.
A professor of religion at Princeton University and one of the most respected scholars of early Christianity and Gnosticism. Her work focuses on how theology was shaped by politics, trauma, and institutional needs.
A New Testament scholar and historian of early Christianity at the University of North Carolina. Known for his textual criticism, Ehrman writes from a secular/agnostic perspective and challenges traditional Christian interpretations.
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